A billion years ago, the world would have painted a very different picture across North America. In particular, Summit Peak in Michigan would be unrecognizable; instead of the tranquil landscape we know it for today, the area was alive with volcanic activity that stretched for miles and miles. What remains of this ancient scene is the Midcontinent Rift, a geological feature that has left a mark on Michigan’s terrain even after one billion years have passed. It’s time to embark on a journey of discovery and explore the mystery of the Midcontinent Rift along Lake Superior!
Unlocking The Billion-Year-Old Mystery of the Midcontinent Rift
The Midcontinent Rift was caused by a mantle plume, a hot rock chimney from deep inside the earth, similar to Hawaii’s formation. The lava from this eruption was so thick that it didn’t spread like most basalt flows, but instead filled an existing basin and created high stacks of basalt. Over 30 million years, the Midcontinent Rift released 240,000 cubic miles of volcanic rock—44 times the volume of the Great Lakes.
As a result of this immense amount of volcanic activity, sediment had also been piled into the rift, creating beloved tourist destinations like the Apostle Islands and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. These formations have become popular destinations for sightseeing and outdoor adventures because of their unique geology and spectacular views.
To this day, scientists are still researching the causes of the Midcontinent Rift and debating mountain formations and the speed of the continent. Some believe that two land masses collided billions of years ago which resulted in this Formation. Others suggest that glaciers had eroded away at some points and created the Rift.
No matter what caused it, the Midcontinent Rift has left behind a remarkable story—a billion-year-old volcanic mystery along Lake Superior. By exploring its landscape, travelers can unlock its secrets to gain an appreciation for its fascinating history.
Discover the Wonders of Volcanism Along Lake Superior!
Exploring the billion-year-old mysteries of volcanism along Lake Superior is a great way to appreciate the ancient geology of the area. From Michigan’s Upper Peninsula to Minnesota’s North Shore, and Wisconsin’s stunningly diverse landscape, there are many sites of volcanic activity to explore.
In Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, visitors can explore ancient stromatolite fossils and agates. Stromatolites are layered deposits of fossilized sediment created by ancient microorganisms. Agates are colorful gemstones that occur in large beds. They can be found along the shores of Lake Superior, particularly at Fayette Historic State Park and Whitefish Point.
Heading west into Wisconsin, visitors can explore Potato River Falls and Copper Falls State Park. The Potato River Falls is a spectacular waterfall located along the Potato River in Iron County. Copper Falls State Park is known for its steep ravines, rocky outcrops, and waterfalls around Tyler Forks and Bad River.
Further south, visitors can explore the Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway, which offers stunning views of Lake Superior as well as abundant opportunities for birdwatching. Then, take a trip down to Pattison State Park for some of our nation’s highest waterfalls (Big Manitou Falls) or visit Interstate State Park to see an abandoned quarry where volcanic rocks were once mined from prehistoric lava flows.
Moving north up Minnesota’s North Shore, you will find Leif Erikson Park on the waterfront in Duluth. This park offers panoramic views of Lake Superior as well as exhibits related to the area’s geography and history. Further up the coast, Tettegouche State Park features majestic Palisade Head overlooking Lake Superior and views of Gooseberry Falls.
Finally, make your way to Duluth, where intrusions from the Midcontinent Rift can be found alongside lava flows from Spirit Mountain. In this historic harbor city, a distinctive feature known as “Shipwreck Alley” provides evidence of its past with its scattered shipwrecks frozen in time beneath the waves. The best way to see all the beauty of America’s Great Plains is on foot—so make sure you bring comfortable shoes for your journey!
Adventurers who wish to explore these billion-year-old volcanic mysteries along Lake Superior will find plenty of interesting sights and stories to uncover with each step they take. From ancient stromatolite fossils in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula to spectacular waterfalls in Wisconsin and Minnesota’s North Shore—this region has so much to offer anyone who seeks it out!
Exploring the midcontinent rift and the volcanism that created Lake Superior is a fascinating journey through history. By taking the time to learn about this billion-year-old mystery, you can unlock wonders that are not just interesting but also significant in understanding the formation of the Great Lakes region. Whether you decide to take a leisurely drive along Lake Superior or explore its volcanic sites up close, you are sure to discover a journey full of adventure and mystery.